As Iran faces growing scrutiny over its nuclear activities, European countries are pushing for a fresh resolution through the UN’s International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) board, set to be discussed next week. This resolution aims to pressure Tehran into improving its cooperation with the IAEA, particularly on transparency issues regarding uranium traces found at undisclosed sites, according to diplomatic sources.
Rising Tensions Over Iran’s Nuclear Program
In response to past resolutions and criticisms from the IAEA, Iran has intensified its nuclear development and restricted access for top IAEA inspectors. This recent push for a UN resolution underscores concerns that Iran’s actions may escalate further if its nuclear activities remain unchecked. Diplomatic sources indicate that the resolution will mandate the IAEA to compile a “comprehensive report” on Iran’s nuclear activities, alongside its regular quarterly updates. This report would provide a deeper focus on unresolved issues, such as Tehran’s unexplained uranium traces at several undeclared facilities.
Efforts to Restart Nuclear Negotiations
European powers hope that increased UN pressure could prompt Iran to return to negotiations for new limits on its nuclear program, potentially paving the way for relief from economic sanctions. The envisioned deal would involve less extensive restrictions than the original 2015 agreement, which aimed to curb Iran’s nuclear capabilities in exchange for the easing of Western sanctions. Former President Donald Trump withdrew the U.S. from that deal in 2018, leading to its collapse.
A European diplomat involved in these discussions highlighted the urgency: “Our concerns about Iranian nuclear activity are well known. It’s a good moment to ask the IAEA for a detailed report to address ongoing issues.” France, the UK, and Germany—known as the “E3” group—are reportedly spearheading the resolution, with expected backing from the United States.
IAEA’s Approach: Balancing Diplomacy and Pressure
IAEA Director-General Rafael Grossi has shown some hesitation regarding a comprehensive report, as he prefers to pursue immediate diplomatic engagement to resolve these issues directly with Iran. Grossi has previously emphasized that his agency is already providing necessary insights into Iran’s nuclear program and that his priority is maintaining effective cooperation rather than risking an escalatory approach. “My approach is to solve issues now,” Grossi stated in September, aiming to avoid punitive measures in favor of cooperative solutions.
Talks in Tehran and Potential Iranian Response
On Wednesday, Grossi met with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian for discussions, marking his first visit with the new administration. Grossi hopes these talks will help resolve outstanding disputes and enhance cooperation. Yet, a senior Iranian official warned that if a resolution is passed, Tehran might reduce its technical and diplomatic engagement with the IAEA, signaling that Iran could react strongly to further pressure from the West.
Looking Ahead: Uncertain Prospects for Diplomacy
The diplomatic path forward remains unclear, especially as tensions rise over the prospect of a new “less-for-less” agreement, which would involve reduced restrictions compared to the original 2015 nuclear deal. Pezeshkian has hinted at Iran’s willingness to engage cautiously with its adversaries, including the U.S., urging “forbearance” in handling diplomatic conflicts.
While no direct plans have been announced for talks between Iran and the incoming U.S. administration, the international community is watching closely. President-elect Trump has previously commented that he does not seek conflict with Iran but remains firm that Iran must not develop nuclear weapons.
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